pSPSS
: Phenomenological symmetry protected seesaw scenario
Authors: Stefan Antusch, Jan Hajer, Bruno Oliveira, Johannes Rosskopp
The motivation and implementation of the pSPSS
is discussed in:
Stefan Antusch, Jan Hajer, Johannes Rosskopp 'Simulating lepton number violation induced by heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations at colliders' e-Print: 2210.10738 [hep-ph].
We kindly ask to cite cite this publication when using the pSPSS
model file.
An example analysis at the LHC including the necessary statistical framework to claim discovery of oscillations is presented in:
Stefan Antusch, Jan Hajer, Johannes Rosskopp 'Beyond lepton number violation at the HL-LHC: Resolving heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations' e-Print: 2212.00562 [hep-ph].
An initial study at the FCC-ee is presented in:
Stefan Antusch, Jan Hajer, Bruno Oliveira 'Heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations at the FCC-ee' e-Print: 2308.07297 [hep-ph].
A detailed calculation of the damping due to decoherence has been published in:
Stefan Antusch, Jan Hajer, Johannes Rosskopp 'Decoherence effects on lepton number violation from heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations e-Print: 2307.06208 [hep-ph].
Model description
The pSPSS
describes the interactions of a pseudo-Dirac pair of two Majorana degrees of freedom $N_1$
$N_2$
In the lepton number conserving (LNC) limit the interactions of the symmetry protected seesaw scenario (SPSS) with the Standard Model are
$\mathcal L_\text{SPSS}^L = \overline N_i \, i\!\! \not\! \partial N_i - y_{\alpha1} \widetilde H^\dagger \bar \ell_\alpha N_1^c - \overline N_1 m_M^{} N_2^c + \text{H.c.}$
The additional lepton number violating (LNV) interactions must be small in order to generate light neutrino masses.
Additionally, they introduce a small mass splitting $\Delta m$
$m_{4/5}^{} = m_M^{} + \frac12 m_M^{} |\theta|^2 \mp \frac12 \Delta m$
where the contribution with the active sterile mixing parameter $\theta = m_D / m_M$
$m_D = y_1 v$
$v\simeq174 \text{ GeV}$
The smallness of the LNV interactions ensures unobservable collider effects, with the exception of heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations since these are a macroscopic interference effect.
At leading order, the oscillations between LNC and LNV processes induced by them can be described by
$P^{\text{LNC}/\text{LNV}}_\text{osc}(\tau) = (1 \pm \cos\left(\Delta m \tau \right) \exp(-\lambda))/2$
where $\lambda$
Therefore, the details of the seesaw model besides the generated mass splitting can be neglected when simulating pseudo-Dirac heavy neutrinos as long as the neutrino-antineutrino oscillations are taken into account.
FeynRules implementation
The FeynRules model file contains in addition to the Standard Model parameter as free parameter the heavy neutrino
- Majorana mass
$m_M$
Mmaj
- mass splitting
$\Delta M$
deltaM
- mixing parameter
$\theta_\alpha$
theta1
,theta2
,theta3
- damping parameter
$\lambda$
damping
Antiparticles of neutral particles
The (anti-)particle character of the pseudo-Dirac heavy neutrinos is characterized by their interaction with (anti-)leptons.
A heavy neutrino is produced in association with an anti-lepton and decays into a lepton, while a heavy antineutrino is produced in association with a lepton and decays into an antilepton.
In order to extend this definition to interactions with light neutrinos it is necessary to define their (anti-)particle character as well.
On a conceptional level the definition for the light (anti-)neutrinos parallels the definition for the heavy (anti-)neutrinos.
In order to simulate interactions with definite light neutrino states we have implemented the light neutrinos as Dirac particles in the model file pSPSS_Dirac_v1.0.fr
.
MadGraph patch
In order to generate events with heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations it is necessary to patch the [pSPSS]/bin/internal/common_run_interface.py
file in MadGraph.
For the LHC analysis we have replaced the original code
for event in lhe: for particle in event: id = particle.pid width = param_card['decay'].get((abs(id),)).value if width: vtim = c * random.expovariate(width/cst) if vtim > threshold: particle.vtim = vtim #write this modify event output.write(str(event)) output.write('</LesHouchesEvents>\n') output.close()
with the modified code
mass_splitting = param_card.get_value('PSPSS', 2) damping = param_card.get_value('PSPSS', 6) for event in lhe: leptonnumber = 0 write_event = True for particle in event: if particle.status == 1: if particle.pid in [11, 13, 15]: leptonnumber += 1 elif particle.pid in [-11, -13, -15]: leptonnumber -= 1 for particle in event: id = particle.pid width = param_card['decay'].get((abs(id),)).value if width: if id in [8000011, 8000012]: tau0 = random.expovariate(width / cst) if 0.5 * (1 + math.exp(-damping)*math.cos(mass_splitting * tau0 / cst)) >= random.random(): write_event = (leptonnumber == 0) else: write_event = (leptonnumber != 0) vtim = tau0 * c else: vtim = c * random.expovariate(width / cst) if vtim > threshold: particle.vtim = vtim # write this modify event if write_event: output.write(str(event)) output.write('</LesHouchesEvents>\n') output.close()
The complete code applicable to the Z-pole run of the FCC-ee reads
def do_add_time_of_flight(self, line): print("Running patched do_add_time_of_flight") args = self.split_arg(line) #check the validity of the arguments and reformat args self.check_add_time_of_flight(args) event_path, threshold = args #gunzip the file if event_path.endswith('.gz'): need_zip = True misc.gunzip(event_path) event_path = event_path[:-3] else: need_zip = False import random try: import madgraph.various.lhe_parser as lhe_parser except: import internal.lhe_parser as lhe_parser logger.info('Add time of flight information on file %s' % event_path) lhe = lhe_parser.EventFile(event_path) output = open('%s_2vertex.lhe' % event_path, 'w') #write the banner to the output file output.write(lhe.banner) # get the associate param_card begin_param = lhe.banner.find('<slha>') end_param = lhe.banner.find('</slha>') param_card = lhe.banner[begin_param+6:end_param].split('\n') param_card = param_card_mod.ParamCard(param_card) cst = 6.58211915e-25 # hbar in GeV s c = 299792458000 # speed of light in mm/s sm_lepton_list = [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16] pspss_n_list = [8000011, 8000012] mass_splitting = param_card.get_value('PSPSS', 2) damping = param_card.get_value('PSPSS', 6) # Loop over all events for event in lhe: leptonnumber = 0 for particle in event: if particle.status == 1: if particle.pid in sm_lepton_list: leptonnumber += 1 elif -particle.pid in sm_lepton_list: leptonnumber -= 1 write_event = True for particle in event: id = particle.pid width = param_card['decay'].get((abs(id),)).value if width: if id in pspss_n_list: tau0 = random.expovariate(width / cst) if 0.5 * (1 + math.exp(-damping) * math.cos(mass_splitting * tau0 / cst)) >= random.random(): write_event = (leptonnumber == 0) else: write_event = (leptonnumber != 0) else: tau0 = random.expovariate(width / cst) vtim = c * tau0 if vtim > threshold: particle.vtim = vtim # write this modify event if write_event: output.write(str(event)) output.write('</LesHouchesEvents>\n') output.close() files.mv('%s_2vertex.lhe' % event_path, event_path) if need_zip: misc.gzip(event_path)
Workaround
The small mass splitting can cause problems in the automatic calculation of the decay width.
One way to fix this problem is by replacing the argument of the square root of the return value of the function calculate_apx_psarea
in the file [MadGraph]/mg5decay/decay_objects.py
by its absolute value.
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