source: git/external/fastjet/contribs/RecursiveTools/README@ f118021

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RecursiveTools FastJet contrib
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The RecursiveTools FastJet contrib aims to provide a common contrib
for a number of tools that involve recursive reclustering/declustering
of a jet for tagging or grooming purposes.

Currently it contains:

- ModifiedMassDropTagger
  This corresponds to arXiv:1307.0007 by Mrinal Dasgupta, Alessandro
  Fregoso, Simone Marzani and Gavin P. Salam

- SoftDrop
  This corresponds to arXiv:1402.2657 by Andrew J. Larkoski, Simone
  Marzani, Gregory Soyez, Jesse Thaler

- Recluster
  A generic tool to recluster a given jet into subjets
  Note: this is largely based on the Filter code in FastJet v3.0 and
  ultimately, this tool will probably be moved into FastJet

The interface for these tools is described in more detail below, with
all of the available options documented in the header files.

One note about nomenclature.  A groomer is a procedure that takes a
PseudoJet and always returns another (non-zero) PseudoJet.  A tagger is
a procedure that takes a PseudoJet, and either returns another PseudoJet
(i.e. tags it) or returns an empty PseudoJet (i.e. doesn't tag it).

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ModifiedMassDropTagger
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The Modified Mass Drop Tagger (mMDT) recursively declusters a jet,
following the largest pT subjet until a pair of subjets is found that
satisfy the symmetry condition on the energy sharing

   z > z_cut

where z_cut is a predetermined value.  By default, z is calculated as
the scalar pT fraction of the softest subjet.  Note that larger values
of z_cut correspond to a more restrictive tagging criteria.

By default, mMDT will first recluster the jet using the CA clustering
algorithm, which means that mMDT can be called on any jet, regardless
of the original jet finding measure.

A default mMDT can be created via

   double z_cut = 0.10;
   ModifiedMassDropTagger mMDT(z_cut);

More options are available in the full constructor.  To apply mMDT,
one simply calls it on the jet of interest.

   PseudoJet tagged_jet = mMDT(original_jet);

Note that mMDT is a tagger, such that tagged_jet will only be non-zero
if the symmetry cut z > z_cut is satisfied by some branching of the
clustering tree.  

To gain additional information about the mMDT procedure, one can use

   tagged_jet.structure_of<ModifiedMassDropTagger>()

which gives access to information about the delta_R between the tagged
subjets, their z value, etc.

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SoftDrop
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The SoftDrop procedure is very similar to mMDT, albeit with a 
generalized symmetry condition:
 
   z > z_cut * (R / R0)^beta

Note that larger z_cut and smaller beta correspond to more aggressive
grooming of the jet.

SoftDrop is intended to be used as a groomer (instead of as a tagger),
such that if the symmetry condition fails throughout the whole
clustering tree, SoftDrop will still return a single particle in the
end.  Apart from the tagger/groomer distinction, SoftDrop with beta=0 is
the same as mMDT.

A default SoftDrop groomer can be created via:

   double z_cut = 0.10;
   double beta  = 2.0;
   double R0    = 1.0; // this is the default value
   SoftDrop sd(z_cut,beta,R0);

and acts on a desired jet as

   PseudoJet groomed_jet = sd(original_jet);

and additional information can be obtained via

   groomed_jet.structure_of<SoftDrop>()

SoftDrop is typically called with beta > 0, though beta < 0 is still a
viable option.  Because beta < 0 is infrared-collinear unsafe in
grooming mode, one probably wants to switch to tagging mode for negative
beta, via set_tagging_mode().

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Recluster
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The Recluster class allows the constituents of a jet to be reclustered
with a different recursive clustering algorithm.  This is used
internally in the mMDT/SoftDrop code in order to recluster the jet using
the CA algorithm.  This is achieved via

  Recluster ca_reclusterer(cambridge_algorithm,
                        JetDefinition::max_allowable_R);
  PseudoJet reclustered_jet = ca_reclusterer(original_jet);

Note that reclustered_jet creates a new ClusterSequence that knows to
delete_self_when_unused.


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Changing behaviour
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The behaviour of the ModifiedMassDropTagger and SoftDrop classes can
be tweaked using the following options:

SymmetryMeasure = {scalar_z,vector_z,y}  [constructor argument]
  : The definition of the energy sharing between subjets, with 0
    corresponding to the most asymmetric

RecursionChoice = {larger_pt,larger_mt,larger_m}  [constructor argument]
  : The path to recurse through the tree after the symmetry condition
    fails

mu_cut   [constructor argument]
  : An optional mass drop condition

set_subtractor(subtractor*) [or subtracter as a constructor argument]
  : provide a subtractor. When a subtractor is supplied, the
    kinematic constraints are applied on subtracted 4-vectors. In
    this case, the result of the ModifiedMassDropTagger/SoftDrop is a
    subtracted PseudoJet, and it is assumed that
    ModifiedMassDropTagger/SoftDrop is applied to an unsubtracted jet.
    The latter default can be changed by calling
    set_input_jet_is_subtracted().

set_reclustering(bool, Recluster*)
  : An optional setting to recluster a jet with a different jet
    recursive jet algorithm.  The code is only designed to give sensible
    results with the CA algorithm, but other reclustering algorithm
    (especially kT) may be appropriate in certain contexts. 
    Use at your own risk.

set_grooming_mode()/set_tagging_mode()
  : In grooming mode, the algorithm will return a single particle if the
    symmetry condition fails for the whole tree.  In tagging mode, the
    algorithm will return an zero PseudoJet if no symmetry conditions
    passes.  Note that ModifiedMassDropTagger defaults to tagging mode
    and SoftDrop defaults to grooming mode.

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Technical Details
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Both ModifiedMassDropTagger and SoftDrop inherit from
RecursiveSymmetryCutBase, which provides a common codebase for recursive
declustering of a jet with a symmetry cut condition.  A generic 
RecursiveSymmetryCutBase depends on the following (virtual) functions
(see header file for exact full specs, including constness):

double symmetry_cut_fn(PseudoJet &, PseudoJet &)
  : The function that defines the symmetry cut. This is what actually 
    defines different recursive declustering schemes, and all classes
    that inherit from RecursiveSymmetryCutBase must define this
    function.

string symmetry_cut_description() 
  : the string description of the symmetry cut.

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