==== [http://www.hep.phy.cam.ac.uk/theory/mcschool11/ 2011 IPMU-YITP on Monte Carlo Tools for the LHC], Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto, 5-10 Sep 2011 ====

=== Authors ===

   * Rikkert Frederix (lecturer)
   * Claude Duhr (lecturer)

=== References ===

   * [http://www.hep.phy.cam.ac.uk/theory/webber/QCDbook.html QCD and Collider Physics] by Keith Ellis, James Stirling, Bryan Webber (Cambridge Monographs, 1996).
   * [http://www.worldscibooks.com/physics/6686.html Perspectives on LHC physics, Ed. by G. Kane and A. Pierce].
   * [http://home.thep.lu.se/~torbjorn/pythia/lutp0613man2.pdf Pythia 6 Physics and Manual] (excellent introduction to event generation, parton showers and hadronization).

=== Exercises 1: Familiarize with MadGraph ===

   * Logon to the MadGraph web site and register: http://madgraph.hep.uiuc.edu.
   * Register with a valid e-mail address
   * Download the latest version of the !MadGraph v5 code from the Dowloads page on the madgraph website.
   * Untar it and start the command line interface by executing =./bin/mg5=
   * Start the tutorial by typing {{{
tutorial
}}} in the mg5 command prompt and follow the instruction. Discuss the results with your neighbours.

=== Exercises 2: Implement a new model with FeynRules ===
   * Read the tutorial sheet [attachment:Tutorial.pdf Tutorial.pdf] and follow the instructions together with your neighbours. If you don't have Mathematica, you can download the model files [attachment:Triplet_Top.tgz here] and jump directly to corresponding section of the tutorial sheet.

=== Extra exercises 1: On-line process generation ===
   * Use the on-line website to generate a few processes (with different QED + QCD couplings) trying to guess which diagrams appear: 
      * uu~>tt~
      * gg>tt~
      * gg>tt~h (in SM and HEFT)
      * uu~>tt~bb~
   * Subprocess identification. List all subprocesses contributing to: 
      * pp>l+vljj
      * pp>tt~bb~
      * pp>tt~jj
   * Look at the new physics models and check the particle and interactions content.

=== Extra exercises 2: Calculate cross sections and generate events ===
   * Generate events for a few selected processes (work in groups, pick one each), for Tevatron and LHC energies. Does the cross section scale as you expect?
   * Compare cross sections with the processes of your neighbors. Do they differ as you would expect?
   * Look at the generated plots. Are the distributions as you would expect? Discuss with your neighbors.

Example processes:
   * ttbar production: pp > tt~, QED=0
   * W production: pp > l+vl
   * Z/gamma* production: pp > e+e-
   * g g > H, H > e+ ve mu- vm~ (in HEFT model)
   * p p > W+ W-, W+>e+ ve, W- > mu- vm~ (important background to previous process)

=== Extra exercises 3: The full simulation chain and advanced features ===

Try out the Analysis Tools:
   * a Fortran-based package: MadAnalysis ([http://madgraph.phys.ucl.ac.be/cgi-bin/NewProcess/download.cgi Download it here])
   * a Root-based package: ExRootAnalysis ([http://madgraph.hep.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/NewProcess/download.cgi Download it here])

Study SM Higgs production at the LHC. Choose a channel and investigate signal and background, using either of the packages above:
   1. The 2 lepton + missing Et final state: $ pp \to H\to W^+ W^- \to e^- \bar \nu_e \mu^+ \nu_\mu $
   1. 
      * Signal 
         * Events: [attachment:hww-signal.lhe.gz Parton Level] || [attachment:hww-signal.lhco.gz Detector Level]
         * Plots: [attachment:hww-signal-lhe.pdf Parton Level] || [attachment:hww-signal-lhco.pdf Detector Level]
      * Background 
         * Events: [attachment:hww-background.lhe.gz Parton Level] <span style="color: #000000;">|| </span>[attachment:hww-background.lhco.gz Detector Level]
         * Plots: [attachment:hww-background-lhe.pdf Parton Level] <span style="color: #000000;">|| </span>[attachment:hww-background-lhco.pdf Detector Level]
   1. Top associated production $pp \to t\bar tH$ with $H \to b \bar b$ 
      * Signal + Background samples: 
         * Events: [attachment:ttbb.lhe.gz Parton Level] || [attachment:ttbb.lhco.gz Detector Level]
         * Plots: [attachment:ttbb-lhe.pdf Parton Level] || [attachment:ttbb-lhco.pdf Detector Level]

=== Extra exercises 4: Implementation of a new model in !MadGraph or [http://feynrules.phys.ucl.ac.be/ FeynRules] + !MadGraph ===
   * Implement your favourite Model into !MadGraph using FeynRules, specific for studying a given process. Generate events, study relevant distributions.
   * Determine most relevant Standard Model backgrounds with identical final states (&ldquo;non-reducible&rdquo;). If not too complicated, generate backgrounds with cuts determined from signal distributions.
   * Which other (&ldquo;reducible&rdquo;) backgrounds might be important?
   * Can the signal be seen at Tevatron? At the LHC?

==== Animations ====
   * [http://madgraph.hep.uiuc.edu/Event/ Interactive Flash version] Note you may want to zoom in!
   * [http://madgraph.hep.uiuc.edu/Event/fast_collisionx6.avi Fast movie (.avi) of collision]
   * [http://madgraph.hep.uiuc.edu/Event/collision.mov Guided movie (.mov) of collision]
   * [http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/thu-april-30-2009/large-hadron-collider John Ellis on Daily Show]